Biblical Economics

Biblical Economics

An irony of modern politics is that many conservative Americans
view themselves as devout believers in the Bible yet they ascribe
to right-wing, dog-eat-dog economic theories that Jesus and other
Biblical figures would condemn.

By Rev. Howard Bess
Consortiumnews.com
November 30, 2012

The Bible has an identifiable view of economics.

Whether or not we take the point of view seriously is a matter
of choice, but for those who give some sort of special authority
to the Biblical writings, the viewpoint cannot be ignored.

One cannot not say “I believe the Bible” and lightly dismiss the
perspective developed by Israelites in an ancient setting.

The Israelite understanding of economics was developed over
a period of nearly 1,000 years, from the Israelite escape from
Egyptian slavery to the cruel years of slavery in Babylonia.

Putting together the story of their development of economic theory
is like following the plot as a well-written novel. In its final form it
was laid out by a group of Israelite priests in the Sixth Century BCE.

Priests in ancient Israel were taken seriously.

They were not hampered by theories of separation of church
and state or keeping religion out of economics and politics.

When priests spoke about wealth, property and God, no one
would dare tell them to keep their noses out of the public
square. They WERE the public square.

The summary of their economic theories is imbedded in the book
of Leviticus in the Old Testament. The essence of Biblical ethics
is at times captured in short phrases.

Memorize these short phrases and a person has enough guidance
for a Godly life.

Examples are “am I my brother’s keeper?,” love mercy, do justice,
and walk humbly with God,” and “love your neighbor as yourself.”

A controlling and precise statement about economics is found
in Leviticus 25:23 – “Land shall not be sold in perpetuity, for
the land is mine; with me you are but aliens and tenants.”

When we look at the development of the Israelite nation, it is very
clear that they were not a capitalist, consumer-oriented society,
whose first order of business was to spend and use material wealth
on themselves and to pursue the getting of more so they could spend
more lavishly on themselves.

Jesus pegged the Israelite tradition correctly when he said the
greatest of all commandments was to love God with heart, mind
and soul.

All ethical behavior and the handling of all wealth were subservient
to the command to love God.

The priests developed not-so-simple rules about how the control
of land was to be handed down from generation to generation.

The Year of Jubilee was meant to be a once-every-50-years
complete redistribution of land among the Israelites.

But the redistribution as written in Levitical law was never
enacted. I suspect that those who controlled land were a bit
reluctant to turn it over to “lazy” folk who had not taken good
care of the family farm.

Yet, whether or not the system was ever implemented is not
the point. A principle was set.

All people were to have access to and use of the resources of
the earth.

This basic right was to take priority over any person or group
to claim private ownership and use of those resources.

One can argue that these standards are from an ancient agrarian
economic system that cannot be reasonably applied to modern
economics.

Essentially, that is the view of leading American politicians,
whether President Barack Obama or his Republican rival
Mitt Romney.

They were both more in line with Ayn Rand than the Bible.

However, as a Christian who takes the Bible seriously, I
am suggesting that there are principles from Leviticus
25:23 and other economic references in the Bible that
can be applied to modern economic practices.

The first principle has already been mentioned but needs
to be restated and is foundational to everything else.

The resources for the support of life must be available to
and enjoyed by all.

To cut off people from basic life needs is immoral.

It is an affront to the God who claims ownership of all things.

All possessions are gifts from God, and those gifts are not
reserved for a select few.

A living wage, clean air to breath, quality health care, and
potable water all become demands from the Almighty.

The second principle is related. I make no suggestion that
everyone have exactly the same resources at his/her disposal.

However, just as the less fortunate in life must have basic
needs met, limitations on accumulation must be put in place.

The second principle is that Biblical economics limit the
permanent control and ownership of wealth by the few.

In a modern economic system, Biblical economics demand that
such accumulation and control of wealth be brought to an end
through taxation, anti-trust laws or other legislative remedies.

Jesus was quite blunt. You cannot serve God and money.

The arrogance of today’s super-rich makes the point.

Super-rich people are in big trouble with God.

The third principle raises the question “who is to benefit?”

In the Biblical economic system and ethic, the highest concern
is focused on right where people live.

Economics must serve the smaller of our social units.

A social unit may be understood as a family, a clan,
a neighborhood or a community.

The point of Biblical economics is that the concerns of God
will never be found on Wall Street or in the corporate suites
of Bank of America.

The Bible does indeed present an economic system with
underlying principles.

They are pounding at our door.



Rev. Howard Bess is a retired American Baptist minister,
who lives in Palmer, Alaska.

http://consortiumnews.com/2012/11/27/biblical-economics